Managing Oppositional Behaviour in Children (Ages 3-10): Effective Strategies and Support

by Mr Sanchez de Santiago, posted in Behaviour Management, Behavioural Strategies, Challenging Behaviour, child development, Educational Psychology, SEND, Teacher Development

Years ago, I worked at Hungerford Primary School in Camden, London, as a 1:1 teacher, supporting a Year 2 child with ASD and ODD. After a challenging start and receiving training at The Bridge School (Camden, London), I discovered that personalised strategies, consistency, and patience gradually ease the symptoms of both conditions, supporting children in their learning journey.

This year, I have four children in my class showing ODD symptoms, and a couple of them also display ASD symptoms. My role as a class teacher is very different from my past position, and so is the year group, as I now teach Reception in EYFS. However, some of the strategies I learned at The Bridge and Hungerford Primary School have already helped the children make progress in just four weeks.

Dealing with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) can be tough for parents and kids. Children with ODD might act really disobedient, disrespectful, and confrontational, and this can be hard for parents. Normal ways of disciplining may not work. In this blog, we’ll talk about what causes ODD and share eight strategies to help parents handle challenging behaviour. We’ll also mention the possible connection between ODD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and why it’s important to get help from professionals when needed.

TRIGGERS

Several factors can contribute to the development of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in children aged 3 to 10. These include:

  1. Lack of Structure and Supervision: Children thrive on routine and boundaries. A lack of structure or inadequate parental supervision can create an environment where oppositional behaviour is more likely to develop.
  2. Inconsistent Discipline: Children need consistent rules and consequences to understand the boundaries of acceptable behaviour. Inconsistent discipline practices can confuse them and lead to defiance.
  3. Exposure to Abuse or Community Violence: Traumatic experiences, such as abuse or exposure to community violence, can significantly impact a child’s behaviour. It may contribute to defiance as a coping mechanism.

STRATEGIES TO MANAGE ODD

  1. Treat Before You Punish: It’s crucial to differentiate between intentional defiance and behaviours stemming from conditions like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Ensure that ADHD symptoms are adequately addressed before implementing discipline for oppositional behaviour.
  2. Exercise Away Hostility: Daily physical exercise is a powerful tool for managing ADHD and ODD. It promotes healthy brain function and helps children control aggression.
  3. Know Your Child’s Patterns: Keep a record of when and where your child’s defiant behaviour occurs. This documentation can help identify triggers and guide interventions.
  4. Establish Clear Rules and Consequences: Communicate clear expectations to your child and outline the consequences of breaking rules. Consistency in enforcing these rules is key.
  5. Stay Calm: Instead of reacting with anger, model calm and controlled behaviour. This approach prevents your child from fearing parental reactions.
  6. Use a Code Word: Implement a private signal, like “bubble gum,” to indicate the need to calm down. Encourage your child to use it when feeling upset to avoid emotional escalation.
  7. Stay Positive: Boost your child’s self-esteem by acknowledging and praising good behaviour. Positive reinforcement can motivate them to continue making positive choices.
  8. Seek Professional Help: If oppositional behaviour persists or escalates, consider consulting a behavioural psychologist or therapist. They can identify underlying causes and provide guidance tailored to your child’s needs.

ODD and ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder)

Research has indicated that ODD and ASD can sometimes co-occur. However, distinguishing between the two conditions can be challenging due to overlapping symptoms and motivations. Consulting with a healthcare professional is essential for accurate diagnosis and tailored intervention.

Managing oppositional behaviour in children with ODD requires patience, understanding, and effective strategies. Figuring out and addressing the triggers, implementing consistent discipline, and seeking professional guidance when necessary, will help parents and carers and teachers help children with ODD lead happier and more fulfilling lives. Remember that every child is unique, and a personalised approach is often the key to success in managing oppositional behaviour.

Sources:

ADDitude Editors. “Oppositional Defiant Disorder Strategies: 8 Discipline Rules.” ADDitude Magazine, Updated on September 20, 2022.

“Is ODD a form of autism? Oppositional Defiant Disorder or ASD?” Parental Help for Kids.

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